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História Questão 06 - FUVEST 2014 2a Fase - 3o Dia

O Plano Colômbia inicial consistia antes de tudo em uma ajuda militar destinada à erradicação das plantações de droga. Os programas de fumigação não tiveram início com ele: existiram desde 1994. Isto não impediu um crescimento ainda maior da superfície cultivada. Com o Plano Colômbia, e sobretudo a partir de 2001, esses programas adquiriram nova dimensão. Entretanto, não parece que eles tenham tido, tampouco, mais sucesso.

Daniel Pécaut, “Lógicas econômicas, militares e políticas na ‘guerra’ colombiana”. In: C. Brigagão e D. Proença Jr. (orgs.). Paz e terrorismo. São Paulo: Hucitec, 2004, p. 255.

a) Qual foi o papel desempenhado pelos Estados Unidos da América na implementação do “Plano Colômbia”?

b) A afirmação do autor de que o “Plano Colômbia” e outros programas semelhantes a ele, aparentemente, não tiveram grande sucesso se justifica? Explique. 

História Questão 06 - FUVEST 2013 2a Fase - 3o Dia

A Revolução Mexicana, iniciada em 1910, arrastou-se por quase dez anos e envolveu diversos projetos políticos e sociais.

a) Identifique e analise uma das principais reivindicações dos zapatistas durante essa Revolução.

b) Cite e analise duas das principais mudanças sociais trazidas por essa Revolução.

História Questão 06 - FUVEST 2015 Prova de segunda fase - 3º dia

Em 25 de abril de 1984, a Câmara dos Deputados do Brasil rejeitou a Emenda Constitucional que propunha o restabelecimento das eleições diretas para a presidência da República. Durante quase nove meses, situação e oposição realizaram articulações políticas, visando à escolha do novo presidente. Em 15 de janeiro de 1985, Tancredo Neves foi eleito presidente do Brasil por um Colégio Eleitoral.

a) Explique em que consistia esse Colégio Eleitoral e como ele era composto.

b) Identifique e caracterize a articulação política vitoriosa na eleição presidencial de 1985.

Inglês Questão 092 - ENEM 2011 2o Dia - Caderno 5 - Amarelo

Going to university seems to reduce the risk of dying from coronary heart disease. An American study that involved 10 000 patients from around the world has found that people who leave school before the age of 16 are five times more likely to suffer a heart attack and die than university.

World Report News. Magazine Speak Up. Ano XIV, no 170. Editora Camelot, 2001. 

Em relação às pesquisas, a utilização da expressão university graduates evidencia a intenção de informar que:

Inglês Questão 094 - ENEM 2011 2o Dia - Caderno 5 - Amarelo

War

Until the philosophy which holds one race superior  And another inferior Is finally and permanently discredited and abandoned,  Everywhere - May say war. That until there is no longer  First class and second class citizens of any nation,  Until the color of a man's skin Is of no more significance than the color of his eyes -   Me say war. […] And until the ignoble and unhappy regimes that hold our brothers in Angola, in Mozambique, South Africa, sub-human bondage have been toppled, Utterly destroyed -  Well everywhere is war - Me say war. War in the east, war in the west, War up north, war down south - War - war - Rumors of war. And until that day, the African continent will not know peace. We, Africans, will fight - we find it necessary - And we know we shall win As we are confident in the victory. […]

_{MARLEY, B. Disponível em: http://www.sing365.com. Acesso em: 30 jun. 2011 (fragmento).}

Bob Marley foi um artista popular e atraiu muitos fãs com suas canções. Ciente de sua influência social na música War, o cantor se utiliza de sua arte para alertar sobre:

Inglês Questão 01 - FGV-SP 2016 Direito - 1º dia

Uber And The Gig Economy [A Economia de Bico]

James Surowiecki

1 If someone uses Uber to get to the airport, is the driver an Uber employee, or an independent contractor1 using Uber to find customers? For companies in the so-called sharing economy, there may be no more important question. A couple of weeks ago, a California labor commissioner gave her answer: she ruled that an Uber driver who had filed a claim against the company was, in fact, an employee. The ruling applied only to that particular worker and the only result was the reimbursement of the plaintiff’s2 car expenses. But, if other regulators and courts were to follow that decision, it isn’t just the future of Uber that would be transformed. The U.S. job market would be, too.

2 We hear a lot these days about the gig economy, but the issue of whether a worker is an employee or an independent contractor has been the subject of intense legal battles for decades. The distinction can be surprisingly hard to make. The I.R.S.3 has a list of twenty factors that it takes into account, but other federal agencies have different criteria, as do most states. The fundamental issue is usually whether an employer has “control” over the work being done, but defining control isn’t always easy.

3 In the past century, laws designed to protect workers have proliferated, and the social safety net has expanded significantly, in ways that give employees benefits and security not available to independent contractors. Hiring employees costs businesses more than hiring independent contractors—estimates suggest that it can be twenty to thirty per cent more expensive. So companies have become remarkably inventive at finding ways to call workers contractors. A 2005 Cornell study found that roughly ten per cent of workers in New York State were miscategorized. Certain industries—trucking, construction, housekeeping—are notorious for doing this, but it happens everywhere. In the late nineties, Microsoft lost a major lawsuit because it had labelled some of its engineers contractors and denied them stock options and other benefits, even though they did essentially the same work as regular employees. More recently, FedEx settled a series of class-action suits4 brought by drivers who claimed that they had been misclassified.

4 Uber’s critics insist that it, too, is simply disguising employees as contractors. It sets the prices that its drivers can charge, monitors their performance (based on ratings from passengers), and can boot them off the service if their ratings are too low. Uber, meanwhile, claims that it’s much more like eBay than like McDonald’s: it’s a platform connecting customers and drivers, and taking a cut (twenty per cent) of the transaction. It doesn’t tell drivers when they have to drive, or where. It doesn’t determine how many hours they work, or if they work at all. And its use of ratings isn’t that different from what eBay does with its sellers.

5 Much worker-protection legislation takes the view that, when there’s a tough decision like this, we should put workers’ interests above corporate ones. But it’s not clear that most of Uber’s drivers would be better off if we declared them employees. The ones who treat their gig as a full-time job—driving forty hours a week or more—would probably benefit. But Uber would likely recoup its rising labor costs by taking a larger cut of fares and shrinking its workforce. Arun Sundararajan, a businessschool professor at New York University and an expert on the sharing economy, told me, “It’s very unlikely drivers’ take-home pay would rise. There also would be fewer drivers. They would be able to drive more hours, but they’d have less flexibility in how they worked.” Studies suggest that flexibility—no supervisors to answer to, working when you want rather than when the boss wants—is an important part of what attracts workers to companies like Uber.

6 The real problem here is that Uber drivers don’t quite fit into either of the traditional categories. Declaring them independent contractors or employees, as a California judge commented, means forcing a square peg into one of two round holes5. We’d do better to create a third legal category of workers, who would be subject to certain regulations, and whose employers would be responsible for some costs (like, say, reimbursement of expenses and workers’ compensation6) but not others (like Social Security and Medicare taxes). Other countries, including Germany, Canada, and France, have rewritten their laws to expand the number of worker categories. There’s no reason we can’t do the same, and give gig-economy workers a better balance of flexibility and security.

Adapted from The New Yorker, July 6, 2015.

Glossário: 1independent contractor: autônomo. 2plaintiff: queixoso, querelante, reclamante. 3I.R.S.: Receita Federal dos Estados Unidos. 4class-action suit: ação coletiva. 5to force a square peg into a round hole: insistir em conjugar duas coisas incompatíveis. 6workers’ compensation: indenização.

Introduction

This passage, adapted from an article in The New Yorker, focuses on the situation of workers in the gig economy [a economia de bico], an increasingly worldwide phenomenon that, in the United States, is pressuring some traditional aspects of labor relations. In examining this subject, the author discusses an important court case, presents information from lawsuits and research, and indicates some possible solutions to problems inherent to this new kind of economy. Read the text and answer the questions below. You are advised to read the questions carefully and give answers that are of direct relevance. Remember: Your answer to Question 1 must be written in Portuguese, but your answers to Questions 2 and 3 must be written in English. With these last two questions, you may use American English or British English, but you must be consistent throughout.

Question (to be answered in Portuguese) (This question tests your understanding of the text, as well as your ability to identify and paraphrase the relevant pieces of information. You should write approximately 120 words.)

The article begins by asking a question about the nature of a driver’s relationship with Uber, the revolutionary carservice company. In your own words, what is that question and how did a California labor commissioner answer it? Going further, why is it so important to decide whether or not any worker in the gig economy is either an employee or an independent contractor? What reasons does the article give for putting Uber drivers into one or the other of those categories, and what might the consequences be if Uber drivers are in the end designated as employees? Finally, what does the author consider the “real problem” and how does he suggest that it be solved?

Inglês Questão 02 - FGV-SP 2016 Direito - 1º dia

Uber And The Gig Economy [A Economia de Bico]

James Surowiecki

1 If someone uses Uber to get to the airport, is the driver an Uber employee, or an independent contractor1 using Uber to find customers? For companies in the so-called sharing economy, there may be no more important question. A couple of weeks ago, a California labor commissioner gave her answer: she ruled that an Uber driver who had filed a claim against the company was, in fact, an employee. The ruling applied only to that particular worker and the only result was the reimbursement of the plaintiff’s2 car expenses. But, if other regulators and courts were to follow that decision, it isn’t just the future of Uber that would be transformed. The U.S. job market would be, too.

2 We hear a lot these days about the gig economy, but the issue of whether a worker is an employee or an independent contractor has been the subject of intense legal battles for decades. The distinction can be surprisingly hard to make. The I.R.S.3 has a list of twenty factors that it takes into account, but other federal agencies have different criteria, as do most states. The fundamental issue is usually whether an employer has “control” over the work being done, but defining control isn’t always easy.

3 In the past century, laws designed to protect workers have proliferated, and the social safety net has expanded significantly, in ways that give employees benefits and security not available to independent contractors. Hiring employees costs businesses more than hiring independent contractors—estimates suggest that it can be twenty to thirty per cent more expensive. So companies have become remarkably inventive at finding ways to call workers contractors. A 2005 Cornell study found that roughly ten per cent of workers in New York State were miscategorized. Certain industries—trucking, construction, housekeeping—are notorious for doing this, but it happens everywhere. In the late nineties, Microsoft lost a major lawsuit because it had labelled some of its engineers contractors and denied them stock options and other benefits, even though they did essentially the same work as regular employees. More recently, FedEx settled a series of class-action suits4 brought by drivers who claimed that they had been misclassified.

4 Uber’s critics insist that it, too, is simply disguising employees as contractors. It sets the prices that its drivers can charge, monitors their performance (based on ratings from passengers), and can boot them off the service if their ratings are too low. Uber, meanwhile, claims that it’s much more like eBay than like McDonald’s: it’s a platform connecting customers and drivers, and taking a cut (twenty per cent) of the transaction. It doesn’t tell drivers when they have to drive, or where. It doesn’t determine how many hours they work, or if they work at all. And its use of ratings isn’t that different from what eBay does with its sellers.

5 Much worker-protection legislation takes the view that, when there’s a tough decision like this, we should put workers’ interests above corporate ones. But it’s not clear that most of Uber’s drivers would be better off if we declared them employees. The ones who treat their gig as a full-time job—driving forty hours a week or more—would probably benefit. But Uber would likely recoup its rising labor costs by taking a larger cut of fares and shrinking its workforce. Arun Sundararajan, a businessschool professor at New York University and an expert on the sharing economy, told me, “It’s very unlikely drivers’ take-home pay would rise. There also would be fewer drivers. They would be able to drive more hours, but they’d have less flexibility in how they worked.” Studies suggest that flexibility—no supervisors to answer to, working when you want rather than when the boss wants—is an important part of what attracts workers to companies like Uber.

6 The real problem here is that Uber drivers don’t quite fit into either of the traditional categories. Declaring them independent contractors or employees, as a California judge commented, means forcing a square peg into one of two round holes5. We’d do better to create a third legal category of workers, who would be subject to certain regulations, and whose employers would be responsible for some costs (like, say, reimbursement of expenses and workers’ compensation6) but not others (like Social Security and Medicare taxes). Other countries, including Germany, Canada, and France, have rewritten their laws to expand the number of worker categories. There’s no reason we can’t do the same, and give gig-economy workers a better balance of flexibility and security.

Adapted from The New Yorker, July 6, 2015.

Glossário: 1independent contractor: autônomo. 2plaintiff: queixoso, querelante, reclamante. 3I.R.S.: Receita Federal dos Estados Unidos. 4class-action suit: ação coletiva. 5to force a square peg into a round hole: insistir em conjugar duas coisas incompatíveis. 6workers’ compensation: indenização.

Introduction

This passage, adapted from an article in The New Yorker, focuses on the situation of workers in the gig economy [a economia de bico], an increasingly worldwide phenomenon that, in the United States, is pressuring some traditional aspects of labor relations. In examining this subject, the author discusses an important court case, presents information from lawsuits and research, and indicates some possible solutions to problems inherent to this new kind of economy. Read the text and answer the questions below. You are advised to read the questions carefully and give answers that are of direct relevance. Remember: Your answer to Question 1 must be written in Portuguese, but your answers to Questions 2 and 3 must be written in English. With these last two questions, you may use American English or British English, but you must be consistent throughout.

Question (to be answered in English) (This question tests your ability to express yourself in a manner that is clear, precise, and relevant. You should write approximately 120 words.)

In 1811-12, a group of workers destroyed newly introduced textile machinery in Nottingham, Yorkshire, and Lancashire, England. Their fear was that the output of the equipment was so much faster than the output of a handloom [tear manual] operator that many jobs would be lost. Known as “Luddites,” after their leader, Ned Ludd, the movement ended with a mass trial in York in 1813, when many were hanged or shipped to the Australian penal colony. The term has since been used to describe any resistance to technological innovation. (Adapted from the Chambers Dictionary of World History)

For Brazilians the above story may have a certain resonance: This year, in many Brazilian cities, irate taxi drivers have protested against Uber, claiming, essentially, that because they must pay a number of taxes and fees that Uber can avoid, the car-service app is an unfair competitor threatening their livelihood. Many taxi drivers have demanded that Uber be forbidden to operate, and, in certain isolated cases, some allegedly have intimidated and even assaulted Uber drivers.

In your opinion, are the taxi drivers right or wrong? Do they have a legitimate grievance against Uber, that is, do Uber drivers enjoy all of the advantages and taxi drivers none? How should government and the law involve themselves in this dispute? For example, if Uber had the potential to create more jobs than the taxi industry currently provides, would that justify letting the taxi-driving profession disappear? What would you propose to resolve the taxi driver-Uber driver conflict?

In answering, you may take into account legal, ethical, and practical considerations, but please try to be as objective as possible.

Inglês Questão 03 - FGV-SP 2016 Direito - 1º dia

Uber And The Gig Economy [A Economia de Bico]

James Surowiecki

1 If someone uses Uber to get to the airport, is the driver an Uber employee, or an independent contractor1 using Uber to find customers? For companies in the so-called sharing economy, there may be no more important question. A couple of weeks ago, a California labor commissioner gave her answer: she ruled that an Uber driver who had filed a claim against the company was, in fact, an employee. The ruling applied only to that particular worker and the only result was the reimbursement of the plaintiff’s2 car expenses. But, if other regulators and courts were to follow that decision, it isn’t just the future of Uber that would be transformed. The U.S. job market would be, too.

2 We hear a lot these days about the gig economy, but the issue of whether a worker is an employee or an independent contractor has been the subject of intense legal battles for decades. The distinction can be surprisingly hard to make. The I.R.S.3 has a list of twenty factors that it takes into account, but other federal agencies have different criteria, as do most states. The fundamental issue is usually whether an employer has “control” over the work being done, but defining control isn’t always easy.

3 In the past century, laws designed to protect workers have proliferated, and the social safety net has expanded significantly, in ways that give employees benefits and security not available to independent contractors. Hiring employees costs businesses more than hiring independent contractors—estimates suggest that it can be twenty to thirty per cent more expensive. So companies have become remarkably inventive at finding ways to call workers contractors. A 2005 Cornell study found that roughly ten per cent of workers in New York State were miscategorized. Certain industries—trucking, construction, housekeeping—are notorious for doing this, but it happens everywhere. In the late nineties, Microsoft lost a major lawsuit because it had labelled some of its engineers contractors and denied them stock options and other benefits, even though they did essentially the same work as regular employees. More recently, FedEx settled a series of class-action suits4 brought by drivers who claimed that they had been misclassified.

4 Uber’s critics insist that it, too, is simply disguising employees as contractors. It sets the prices that its drivers can charge, monitors their performance (based on ratings from passengers), and can boot them off the service if their ratings are too low. Uber, meanwhile, claims that it’s much more like eBay than like McDonald’s: it’s a platform connecting customers and drivers, and taking a cut (twenty per cent) of the transaction. It doesn’t tell drivers when they have to drive, or where. It doesn’t determine how many hours they work, or if they work at all. And its use of ratings isn’t that different from what eBay does with its sellers.

5 Much worker-protection legislation takes the view that, when there’s a tough decision like this, we should put workers’ interests above corporate ones. But it’s not clear that most of Uber’s drivers would be better off if we declared them employees. The ones who treat their gig as a full-time job—driving forty hours a week or more—would probably benefit. But Uber would likely recoup its rising labor costs by taking a larger cut of fares and shrinking its workforce. Arun Sundararajan, a businessschool professor at New York University and an expert on the sharing economy, told me, “It’s very unlikely drivers’ take-home pay would rise. There also would be fewer drivers. They would be able to drive more hours, but they’d have less flexibility in how they worked.” Studies suggest that flexibility—no supervisors to answer to, working when you want rather than when the boss wants—is an important part of what attracts workers to companies like Uber.

6 The real problem here is that Uber drivers don’t quite fit into either of the traditional categories. Declaring them independent contractors or employees, as a California judge commented, means forcing a square peg into one of two round holes5. We’d do better to create a third legal category of workers, who would be subject to certain regulations, and whose employers would be responsible for some costs (like, say, reimbursement of expenses and workers’ compensation6) but not others (like Social Security and Medicare taxes). Other countries, including Germany, Canada, and France, have rewritten their laws to expand the number of worker categories. There’s no reason we can’t do the same, and give gig-economy workers a better balance of flexibility and security.

Adapted from The New Yorker, July 6, 2015.

Glossário: 1independent contractor: autônomo. 2plaintiff: queixoso, querelante, reclamante. 3I.R.S.: Receita Federal dos Estados Unidos. 4class-action suit: ação coletiva. 5to force a square peg into a round hole: insistir em conjugar duas coisas incompatíveis. 6workers’ compensation: indenização.

Introduction

This passage, adapted from an article in The New Yorker, focuses on the situation of workers in the gig economy [a economia de bico], an increasingly worldwide phenomenon that, in the United States, is pressuring some traditional aspects of labor relations. In examining this subject, the author discusses an important court case, presents information from lawsuits and research, and indicates some possible solutions to problems inherent to this new kind of economy. Read the text and answer the questions below. You are advised to read the questions carefully and give answers that are of direct relevance. Remember: Your answer to Question 1 must be written in Portuguese, but your answers to Questions 2 and 3 must be written in English. With these last two questions, you may use American English or British English, but you must be consistent throughout.

Question (to be answered in English)

(This question tests your ability to construct a balanced, considered, and fluent argument in the form of a short composition. The quotations below underscore two aspects of the gig-economy issue. Read the quotations and answer the question. You should write approximately 120 words.)

At the end of his New Yorker article, author James Surowiecki criticizes the “outdated nature” of the U.S. social safety net, which he writes is “still dependent on the idea of the full-time employee, who gets health care, a pension, unemployment insurance, and so on from one company. That worked fine in a world of stable employment, but lots of Americans no longer live in that world and plenty more will be joining them. And, as Sundararajan says, ‘It makes no sense to have a well-developed safety net for one category of employment and virtually none for other kinds of productive work.’” Surowiecki affirms that national health care, which the U.S. now has, along with the implementation of some kind of national worker-benefit program, would be a step in the right direction. He ends his article by declaring, “Work is changing. The protection we offer workers should change as well.”

After reading James Surowiecki, you may note that in Brazil most opinions about Uber have focused not on that company’s relationship with its drivers, but on whether or not Uber even has a right to exist. In a July 14, 2015 article (“Uber and the Regulation of Labor”) in the Estado de S. Paulo newspaper, the renowned professor and public administrator José Pastore counterbalances the taxi drivers’ argument that Uber should be banned.

“The reaction of the taxi drivers mirrors the vision of those who feel they have the right to defend market reserves, as if transporting a person required some qualification besides what is guaranteed in the official driver’s license….

“It is proven that technologies advance more quickly than labor laws and that nothing will stop the coming changes, especially those that facilitate the lives of workers and consumers.

“The revolution is under way. It is imperative to adjust the laws to the new reality and not block technologies in order to defend market reserves. The only regulated professions should be those that demand very specific training, such as, for example, lawyer, airline pilot, engineer, doctor, etc….

“We cannot eternally sacrifice consumers to the exclusive interests of taxi drivers. Companies like Uber are going to be more prevalent. That’s why we must find the middle ground, including in the tax area, since there should be no unfair competition between Uber drivers, who pay no taxes, and taxi drivers, who do. That is a challenge for legislators. With that issue resolved, Uber and taxi drivers will compete on the playing field of price and quality, with the consumer free to choose as he pleases.”

In your opinion, how would the ideas of James Surowiecki and José Pastore affect, either positively or negatively, Brazil’s progress and prosperity? In other words, what might be the advantages or disadvantages of creating a third labor category for workers in the country’s growing gig economy? Moreover, should the government protect the interests of consumers or of a class of workers, that is, should consumer-oriented technological advances be welcomed even if they could create problems for the members of a specific group? Where do you place yourself with respect to these issues?

Once again, in answering, you may take into account legal, ethical, and practical considerations, but please strive to be as clear-sighted and logical as possible, supporting your point of view with specific arguments and examples.

Inglês Questão 091 - ENEM 2013 2º Dia - Caderno 8 - Rosa

Disponível em: www.gocomics.com. Acesso em: 26 fev. 2012.

A partir da leitura dessa tirinha, infere-se que o discurso de Calvin teve um efeito diferente do pretendido, uma vez que ele

Inglês Questão 091 - ENEM 2015 2º dia - Caderno 6 - Cinza

Why am I compelled to write? Because the writing saves me from this complacency I fear. Because I have no choice. Because I must keep the spirit of my revolt and myself alive. Because the world I create in the writing compensates for what the real world does not give me. By writing I put order in the world, give it a handle so I can grasp it.

ANZALDÚA, G. E. Speaking in tongues: a letter to third world women writers. In: HERNANDEZ, J. B. (Ed.). Women writing resistance: essays on Latin America and the Caribbean. Boston: South End, 2003

Gloria Evangelina Anzaldúa, falecida em 2004, foi uma escritora americana de origem mexicana que escreveu sobre questões culturais e raciais. Na citação, o intuito da autora é evidenciar as 

Inglês Questão 092 - ENEM 2015 2º dia - Caderno 6 - Cinza

How fake images change our memory and behaviour

For decades, researchers have been exploring just how unreliable our own memories are. Not only is memory fickle when we access it, but it’s also quite easily subverted and rewritten. Combine this susceptibility with modern image-editing software at our fingertips like Photoshop, and it’s a recipe for disaster. In a world where we can witness news and world events as they unfold, fake images surround us, and our minds accept these pictures as real, and remember them later. These fake memories don’t just distort how we see our past, they affect our current and future behaviour too - from what we eat, to how we protest and vote. The problem is there’s virtually nothing we can do to stop it.

Old memories seem to be the easiest to manipulate. In one study, subjects were showed images from their childhood. Along with real images, researchers snuck in manipulated photographs of the subject taking a hotair balloon ride with his or her family. After seeing those images, 50% of subjects recalled some part of that hot-air balloon ride - though the event was entirely made up.

EVELETH, R. Disponível em: www.bbc.com. Acesso em: 16 jan. 2013 (adaptado).

A reportagem apresenta consequências do uso de novas tecnologias para a mente humana. Nesse contexto, a memória das pessoas é influenciada pelo(a)

Inglês Questão 092 - ENEM 2013 2º Dia - Caderno 8 - Rosa

Do one thing for diversity and inclusion

The United Nations Alliance of Civilizations (UNAOC) is launching a campaign aimed at engaging people around the world to Do One Thing to support Cultural Diversity and Inclusion. Every one of us can do ONE thing for diversity and inclusion; even one very little thing can become a global action if we all take part in it.

Simple things YOU can do to celebrate the World Day for Cultural Diversity for Dialogue and Development on May 21.

1. Visit an art exhibit or a museum dedicated to other cultures. 2. Read about the great thinkers of other cultures. 3. Visit a place of worship different than yours and participate in the celebration. 4. Spread your own culture around the world and learn about other cultures. 5. Explore music of a different culture.

There are thousands of things that you can do, are you taking part in it?

UNITED NATIONS ALLIANCE OF CIVILIZATIONS. Disponível em: www.unaoc.org. Acesso em: 16 fev. 2013 (adaptado).

Internautas costumam manifestar suas opiniões sobre artigos on-line por meio da postagem de comentários. O comentário que exemplifica o engajamento proposto na quarta dica da campanha apresentada no texto é:

Inglês Questão 093 - ENEM 2015 2º dia - Caderno 6 - Cinza

NOTICE OF BAGGAGE INSPECTION

To protect you and your fellow passengers, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) is required by law to inspect all checked baggage. As part of this process, some bags are opened and physically inspected. Your bag was among those selected for physical inspection.

During the inspection, your bag and its contents may have been searched for prohibited items. At the completion of the inspection, the contents were returned to your bag.

If the TSA security officer was unable to open your bag for inspection because it was locked, the officer may have been forced to break the locks on your bag. TSA sincerely regrets having to do this, however TSA is not liable for damage to your locks resulting from this necessary security precaution.

For packing tips and suggestions on how to secure your baggage during your next trip, please visit:

www.tsa.gov 

Smart Security Saves Time

Transportation Security Administration. Disponível em: www.tsa.gov. Acesso em: 13 jan. 2010 (adaptado).

As instituições públicas fazem uso de avisos como instrumento de comunicação com o cidadão. Esse aviso, voltado a passageiros, tem o objetivo de 

Inglês Questão 093 - ENEM 2014 2º Dia - Caderno Rosa

A Tall Order The sky isn’t the limit for an architect building the  world’s first invisible skyscraper.

Charles Wee, one of the world’s leading high-rise architects, has a confession to make: he’s bored with skyscrapers. After designing more than 30, most of which punctuate the skylines of rapidly expanding Asian cities, he has struck upon a novel concept: the first invisible skyscraper.

As the tallest structure in South Korea, his Infinity Tower will loom over Seoul until somebody pushes a button and it completely disappears.

When he entered a 2004 competition to design a landmark tower, the Korean-American architect rejected the notion of competing with Dubai, Toronto, and Shanghai to reach the summit of man-made summits. “l thought, let’s not jump into this stupid race to build another ’tallest’ tower,” he says in a phone conversation. “Let’s take an opposite approach — Let’s make an anti-tower.” 

The result will be a 150-story building that fades from view at the flick of a switch. The tower will effectively function as an enormous television screen, being able to project an exact replica of whatever is happening behind it onto its façade. To the human eye, the building will appear to have melted away.

It will be the most extraordinary achievement of Wee’s stellar architectural career. After graduating from UCLA, he worked under Anthony Lumsden, a prolific Californian architect who helped devise the modern technique of wrapping buildings inside smooth glass skins. 

HINES, N. Disponível em: http://mag.newsweek.com. Acesso em: 13 out. 2013 (adaptado).   

No título e no subtítulo desse texto, as expressões A Tall Order e The sky isn’t the limit são usadas para apresentar uma matéria cujo tema é:

Inglês Questão 094 - ENEM 2016 2° dia - Caderno 6 - Cinza - 1ª Aplicação

Frankentissue: printable cell technology

In November, researchers from the University of Wollongong in Australia announced a new bio-ink that is a step toward really printing living human tissue on an inkjet printer. It is like printing tissue dot-by-dot. A drop of bioink contains 10,000 to 30,000 cells. The focus of much of this research is the eventual production of tailored tissues suitable for surgery, like living Band-Aids, which could be printed on the inkjet.

 However, it is still nearly impossible to effectively replicate nature’s ingenious patterns on a home office accessory. Consider that the liver is a series of globules, the kidney a set of pyramids. Those kinds of structures demand 3D printers that can build them up, layer by layer. At the moment, skin and other flat tissues are most promising for the inkjet.

Disponível em: http://discovermagazine.com. Acesso em: 2 dez. 2012.

O texto relata perspectivas no campo da tecnologia para cirurgias em geral, e a mais promissora para este momento enfoca o(a) 

História Questão 06 - FUVEST 2012 2a Fase - 3o Dia

O cartaz abaixo, parte de uma campanha sindical pela redução da jornada diária de trabalho, foi divulgado em 1919 pela União Interdepartamental da Confederação Geral dos Trabalhadores da Região do Sena, na França.

Tradução dos escritos do cartaz: “União dos Sindicatos de Trabalhadores do Sena”. “As 8 horas”. “Operário, a regra foi aprovada, mas apenas sua ação a fará ser aplicada”.

 

a) Identifique um elemento visual no cartaz que caracterize a principal reivindicação dos sindicatos e o explique.

 

b) Identifique e analise a visão de luta social que a cena principal do cartaz apresenta.

História Questão 06 - FUVEST 2011 2a Fase - 3o Dia

Considere as seguintes charges.

 

Essas charges foram publicadas durante a presidência de João Goulart (1961-1964).

 

a) Cada charge apresenta uma crítica a um determinado aspecto do governo de Goulart. Identifique esses dois aspectos.

 

b) Analise como esses dois aspectos contribuíram para a justificativa do golpe militar de 1964.

Inglês Questão 091 - ENEM 2011 2o Dia - Caderno 5 - Amarelo

 Na fase escolar, é prática comum que os professores passem atividades extraclasse e marquem uma data para que as mesmas sejam entregues para correção.

No caso da cena da charge, a professora ouve uma estudante apresentando argumentos para:

Inglês Questão 093 - ENEM 2011 2o Dia - Caderno 5 - Amarelo

How's your mood?

For an interesting attempt to measure cause and effect try Mappiness, a project run by the London School of Economics, which offers a phone app that prompts you to record your mood and situation.

The Mappiness website says: “We’re particularly interested in how people’s happiness is affected by their local environment – air pollution, noise, green spaces, and so on – which the data from Mappiness will be absolutely great for investigating.”

Will it work? With enough people it might. But there are other problems. We’ve been using happiness and wellbeing interchangeably. Is that ok? The difference comes out in a sentiment like: “We were happier during the war.”

But was our well-being also greater then?

_{Disponível em: http://www.bbc.co.uk Acesso em: 27 jun. 2011 (adaptado).}

Inglês Questão 095 - ENEM 2011 2o Dia - Caderno 5 - Amarelo

A tira, definida como um segmento de história em quadrinhos, pode transmitir uma mensagem com efeito de humor. A presença desse efeito no diálogo entre Jon e Garfield acontece porque:

Inglês Questão 01 - FGV-SP 2017 Direito - 1º dia - Língua Portuguesa - Língua Inglesa - Redação

WHO DO YOU THINK YOU ARE? 

By Jacqueline Rose

In 1969, Arthur Corbett, first husband of famous male-to-female transsexual April Ashley, sought an annulment of their marriage on the grounds that at the time of the ceremony, Ashley was a “person of the male sex.” In the course of the proceedings, Corbett presented himself as a frequenter of male brothels [bordéis masculinos] and a cross-dresser [travesti] who, from their first meeting, had been mesmerized by Ashley and by her reality, which was greater, so he said, than any fantasy he could have conceived for himself. It took a while for Ashley, along with her medical and legal advisors, to realize what Corbett was trying to do. He was, in her words, portraying their marriage as a “squalid prank [brincadeira], a deliberate mockery [escárnio, gozação] of moral society perpetrated by a couple of queers [viados, bichas] for their own twisted amusement.”

Corbett’s strategy was successful: the marriage was annulled. The case is commonly seen as having set back the cause of transsexual women and men for decades. Transsexual people lost all marriage rights for more than thirty years. The decision ruled out any change to their birth certificate, a right they had enjoyed since 1944, and thereby denied them legal recognition of their gender. Only with the Gender Recognition Act of 2004 was the law changed to permit transsexuals to marry, on condition that they first obtain a Gender Recognition Certificate.​

For Justice Ormrod, the case – “the first occasion on which a court in England has been called on to decide the sex of an individual” – was straightforward. Because Ashley had been a boy at birth, she should be treated as a male in perpetuity. The suggestion that she be categorized as intersex was dismissed: medical evidence attested that she was born with male gonads, chromosomes, and genitalia. Although there had been only minimal development at puberty – no facial hair, some breast formation, and what Ashley referred to as a “virginal penis” because of its diminutive size – the judge also ruled out these factors (he believed the breast formation had been artificially induced by hormones). That Ashley had undergone full surgical genital reconstruction – there had been some (unsatisfactory) penetrative sex between her and Corbett – made no difference: “The respondent was physically incapable of consummating a marriage, as intercourse using the completely artificially constructed cavity could never constitute true intercourse” (what would constitute “true intercourse” is not specified). Ashley was not, to Ormrod’s mind, a woman. This was much more relevant, as far as Ormrod was concerned, than asking whether or not Ashley was still a man​.

Adapted from the London Review of Books May 5, 2016​

Introduction

This passage, adapted from an article in the London Review of Books, looks at a landmark British court case involving one man’s attempt to annul his marriage to a transsexual, that is, to a man who had transitioned from male to female through medical procedure.

In his article, the author presents information about the two contending parties and discusses the ramifications of the case and of the judge’s decision. Read the text and answer the questions below. You are advised to read the questions carefully and give answers that are of direct relevance. Remember: Your answer to Question 1 must be written in Portuguese, but your answers to Questions 2 and 3 must be written in English. With these last two questions, you may use American English or British English, but you must be consistent throughout.

(to be answered in Portuguese)

(This question tests your understanding of the text, as well as your ability to identify and paraphrase the relevant pieces of information. You should write approximately 120 words.)

As outlined in the passage, in 1969 Arthur Corbett went to court in order to annul his marriage to April Ashley, a well-known male-to-female transsexual. In your own words, what was Corbett’s main argument, and how did Ashley react to that argument? In what ways did this case affect the situation of transsexual people in the United Kingdom? Nowadays, how does the United Kingdom deal with the question of marriages involving transsexuals?

According to Justice Ormrod, what was unique about this case? Moreover, what were his reasons for his verdict? In your opinion, was Justice Ormrod’s decision fair and well thought-out or flawed and unjust? In supporting your point of view, you may take into account legal, ethical, and practical considerations, but please try to be as objective as possible.

Inglês Questão 02 - FGV-SP 2017 Direito - 1º dia - Língua Portuguesa - Língua Inglesa - Redação

WHO DO YOU THINK YOU ARE?

By Jacqueline Rose

In 1969, Arthur Corbett, first husband of famous male-to-female transsexual April Ashley, sought an annulment of their marriage on the grounds that at the time of the ceremony, Ashley was a “person of the male sex.” In the course of the proceedings, Corbett presented himself as a frequenter of male brothels [bordéis masculinos] and a cross-dresser [travesti] who, from their first meeting, had been mesmerized by Ashley and by her reality, which was greater, so he said, than any fantasy he could have conceived for himself. It took a while for Ashley, along with her medical and legal advisors, to realize what Corbett was trying to do. He was, in her words, portraying their marriage as a “squalid prank [brincadeira], a deliberate mockery [escárnio, gozação] of moral society perpetrated by a couple of queers [viados, bichas] for their own twisted amusement.”

Corbett’s strategy was successful: the marriage was annulled. The case is commonly seen as having set back the cause of transsexual women and men for decades. Transsexual people lost all marriage rights for more than thirty years. The decision ruled out any change to their birth certificate, a right they had enjoyed since 1944, and thereby denied them legal recognition of their gender. Only with the Gender Recognition Act of 2004 was the law changed to permit transsexuals to marry, on condition that they first obtain a Gender Recognition Certificate.​

For Justice Ormrod, the case – “the first occasion on which a court in England has been called on to decide the sex of an individual” – was straightforward. Because Ashley had been a boy at birth, she should be treated as a male in perpetuity. The suggestion that she be categorized as intersex was dismissed: medical evidence attested that she was born with male gonads, chromosomes, and genitalia. Although there had been only minimal development at puberty – no facial hair, some breast formation, and what Ashley referred to as a “virginal penis” because of its diminutive size – the judge also ruled out these factors (he believed the breast formation had been artificially induced by hormones). That Ashley had undergone full surgical genital reconstruction – there had been some (unsatisfactory) penetrative sex between her and Corbett – made no difference: “The respondent was physically incapable of consummating a marriage, as intercourse using the completely artificially constructed cavity could never constitute true intercourse” (what would constitute “true intercourse” is not specified). Ashley was not, to Ormrod’s mind, a woman. This was much more relevant, as far as Ormrod was concerned, than asking whether or not Ashley was still a man​.

Adapted from the London Review of Books May 5, 2016​

Introduction

This passage, adapted from an article in the London Review of Books, looks at a landmark British court case involving one man’s attempt to annul his marriage to a transsexual, that is, to a man who had transitioned from male to female through medical procedure.

In his article, the author presents information about the two contending parties and discusses the ramifications of the case and of the judge’s decision. Read the text and answer the questions below. You are advised to read the questions carefully and give answers that are of direct relevance. Remember: Your answer to Question 1 must be written in Portuguese, but your answers to Questions 2 and 3 must be written in English. With these last two questions, you may use American English or British English, but you must be consistent throughout.

(to be answered in English)

(This question tests your ability to express yourself in a manner that is clear, precise, and relevant. You should write approximately 120 words.)

The question of transgender rights goes beyond marriage to include issues such as who may or may not use which public bathroom. For example, in its May 14, 2016 edition, the Estado de S. Paulo newspaper presented the following information:

“The United States government will orient all of the country’s public schools to allow students to use bathrooms that are congruent with their gender identity. Although the document formalizing this decision, signed by authorities of the Department of Education and the Department of Justice, does not have the force of law, it does contain the implicit threat that schools refusing to comply with the federal government’s legal interpretation may be sued or lose government assistance.

“A federal lawsuit has been filed against the state of North Carolina and its governor, Pat McCrory [of the Republican Party], because of a state law obliging members of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community to use public bathrooms in accordance with the sex indicated on their birth certificates.

“‘There is no room for discrimination of any kind in our schools, including discrimination against transgender students because of their sex,’ said U.S. Attorney-General [Ministra da Justiça] Loretta Lynch, in an official statement. ‘This directive gives administrators, teachers, and parents the tools they need to protect transgender students.

“‘No student should ever go through the experience of not feeling welcome at a school or a university campus,’ said the Secretary of Education, John King Jr.

Keeping in mind that the U.S. federal system gives a certain autonomy to individual states in matters of public education – an area that of course includes school bathrooms – in your opinion, who is right, or at least more right, in this controversy, the state of North Carolina or the U.S. government? In other words, should students who were male at birth be restricted to male bathrooms and students who were female at birth be restricted to female bathrooms? Or should transgender students be allowed to use the bathroom (male or female) that corresponds to their chosen sex? In answering, you should present clear, well-balanced reasons for your point of view and also discuss what consequences, good or bad, may arise from any decision regarding how transsexuals may use public-school bathrooms.

(You may also consider the fact that for many years the state of North Carolina, like other states in the U.S. South, did not allow Whites and African-Americans to use the same schools and public bathrooms, or even to get married. Clearly racist and unconstitutional, these laws have been abolished.)

Inglês Questão 03 - FGV-SP 2017 Direito - 1º dia - Língua Portuguesa - Língua Inglesa - Redação

WHO DO YOU THINK YOU ARE?

By Jacqueline Rose

In 1969, Arthur Corbett, first husband of famous male-to-female transsexual April Ashley, sought an annulment of their marriage on the grounds that at the time of the ceremony, Ashley was a “person of the male sex.” In the course of the proceedings, Corbett presented himself as a frequenter of male brothels [bordéis masculinos] and a cross-dresser [travesti] who, from their first meeting, had been mesmerized by Ashley and by her reality, which was greater, so he said, than any fantasy he could have conceived for himself. It took a while for Ashley, along with her medical and legal advisors, to realize what Corbett was trying to do. He was, in her words, portraying their marriage as a “squalid prank [brincadeira], a deliberate mockery [escárnio, gozação] of moral society perpetrated by a couple of queers [viados, bichas] for their own twisted amusement.”

Corbett’s strategy was successful: the marriage was annulled. The case is commonly seen as having set back the cause of transsexual women and men for decades. Transsexual people lost all marriage rights for more than thirty years. The decision ruled out any change to their birth certificate, a right they had enjoyed since 1944, and thereby denied them legal recognition of their gender. Only with the Gender Recognition Act of 2004 was the law changed to permit transsexuals to marry, on condition that they first obtain a Gender Recognition Certificate.​

For Justice Ormrod, the case – “the first occasion on which a court in England has been called on to decide the sex of an individual” – was straightforward. Because Ashley had been a boy at birth, she should be treated as a male in perpetuity. The suggestion that she be categorized as intersex was dismissed: medical evidence attested that she was born with male gonads, chromosomes, and genitalia. Although there had been only minimal development at puberty – no facial hair, some breast formation, and what Ashley referred to as a “virginal penis” because of its diminutive size – the judge also ruled out these factors (he believed the breast formation had been artificially induced by hormones). That Ashley had undergone full surgical genital reconstruction – there had been some (unsatisfactory) penetrative sex between her and Corbett – made no difference: “The respondent was physically incapable of consummating a marriage, as intercourse using the completely artificially constructed cavity could never constitute true intercourse” (what would constitute “true intercourse” is not specified). Ashley was not, to Ormrod’s mind, a woman. This was much more relevant, as far as Ormrod was concerned, than asking whether or not Ashley was still a man​.

Adapted from the London Review of Books May 5, 2016​

Introduction

This passage, adapted from an article in the London Review of Books, looks at a landmark British court case involving one man’s attempt to annul his marriage to a transsexual, that is, to a man who had transitioned from male to female through medical procedure.

In his article, the author presents information about the two contending parties and discusses the ramifications of the case and of the judge’s decision. Read the text and answer the questions below. You are advised to read the questions carefully and give answers that are of direct relevance. Remember: Your answer to Question 1 must be written in Portuguese, but your answers to Questions 2 and 3 must be written in English. With these last two questions, you may use American English or British English, but you must be consistent throughout.

(to be answered in English)

(This question tests your ability to construct a balanced, considered, and fluent argument in the form of a short composition. The quotations below underscore aspects of the transgender-rights issue. Read the quotations and answer the question. You should write approximately 120 words.)

Article 5 of Brazil’s 1988 Constitution declares the following:

“Everyone, regardless of any distinction, is equal before the law, and so the inviolable right to life, liberty, equality, security, and property is guaranteed to Brazilians and to foreign residents of the country.”

In her May 16, 2016 article (“Bathrooms and Democracy”) in the Estado de S. Paulo newspaper, the journalist Lúcia Guimarães, unmistakably on the U.S. government’s side in the school-bathroom controversy, points out that Americans identifying themselves as transgender make up only 0.3% of the U.S. population. “It would be hard,” she writes, “to find another minority facing such a steep uphill anti-discriminatory battle.”

Guimarães goes on to mention that the conservative Christian media, appealing to sensationalism, have accused Barack Obama’s government of facilitating sex crimes, increasing the risk that students will be abused in bathrooms when boys lie about their gender in order to attack girls. And she adds “…the great challenge for transsexual women and men, in a country still so religious, is to eradicate the stigma of perversion associated with transgender sexual identity. This stigma is at the heart of much of the fear and prejudice this minority generates.”

Therefore, considering the above quotations, plus the material presented in Question 1 and Question 2, where do you stand with respect to the rights of transsexual women and men in Brazil? Should they be allowed to marry? Should their official sexual identity be their birth sex or their chosen sex – or should they be categorized as intersex? Who should decide these classifications? Moreover, as for public-school bathrooms (keeping in mind that, as Lucia Guimarães highlights in her article, adolescence is “…a period of intense anguish about the body”), what rights should transgender students have? Would it make sense to build special bathrooms to accommodate such students? Why or why not?

Summing up, should Article 5 of the Constitution be obeyed to the letter, or should it be obeyed selectively for reasons of tradition, religion, or personal preference? How will equal rights (or restricted rights) for transsexuals help or hurt Brazil?

In answering, you may take into account legal, ethical, practical, and even religious considerations, but please strive to be as clear-sighted and logical as possible, supporting your point of view with specific arguments and examples.

Inglês Questão 091 - ENEM 2014 2º Dia - Caderno Rosa

  Disponível em: http://wefeedback.org. Acesso em: 30 jul. 2012.

A internet tem servido a diferentes interesses, ampliando, muitas vezes, o contato entre pessoas e instituições. Um exemplo disso é o site WeFeedback, no qual a internauta Kate Watts

Inglês Questão 091 - ENEM 2016 2° dia - Caderno 6 - Cinza - 1ª Aplicação

Ebony and ivory

Ebony and ivory live together in perfect harmony Side by side on my piano keyboard, oh Lord, why don't we? We all know that people are the same wherever we go There is good and bad in ev'ryone, We learn to live, we learn to give Each other what we need to survive together alive

McCARTNEY, P Disponível em: www.paulmccartney.com. Acesso em: 30 maio 2016.

Em diferentes épocas e lugares, compositores têm utilizado seu espaço de produção musical para expressar e problematizar perspectivas de mundo. Paul McCartney, na letra dessa canção, defende 

Inglês Questão 092 - ENEM 2014 2º Dia - Caderno Rosa

If You Can’t Master English, Try Globish

PARIS — It happens all the time: during an airport delay the man to the left, a Korean perhaps, starts talking to the man opposite, who might be Colombian, and soon they are chatting away in what seems to be English. But the native English speaker sitting between them cannot understand a word.

They don’t know it, but the Korean and the Colombian are speaking Globish, the latest addition to the 6,800 languages that are said to be spoken across the world. Not that its inventor, Jean-Paul Nerrière, considers it a proper language.

“It is not a language, it is a tool,” he says. “A language is the vehicle of a culture. Globish doesn’t want to be that at all. It is a means of communication.”

Nerrière doesn’t see Globish in the same light as utopian efforts such as Kosmos, Volapuk, Novial or staunch Esperanto. Nor should it be confused with barbaric Algol (for Algorithmic language). It is a sort of English lite: a means of simplifying the language and giving it rules so it can be understood by all. 

BLUME, M. Disponível em: www.nytimes.com. Acesso em: 28 out. 2013 (fragmento).

Considerando as ideias apresentadas no texto, o Globish (Global English) é uma variedade da língua inglesa que

Inglês Questão 092 - ENEM 2016 2° dia - Caderno 6 - Cinza - 1ª Aplicação

Italian university switches to English

By Sean Coughlan, BBC News education correspondent 16 May 2012 Last updated at 09:49 GMT

Milan is crowded with Italian icons, which makes it even more of a cultural earthquake that one of Italy's leading universities — the Politecnico di Milano — is going to switch to the English language. The university has announced that from 2014 most of its degree courses — including all its graduate courses — will be taught and assessed entirely in English rather than Italian.

The waters of globalisation are rising around higher education — and the university believes that if it remains Italian-speaking it risks isolation and will be unable to compete as an international institution. “We strongly believe our classes should be international classes — and the only way to have international classes is to use the English language”, says the university’s rector, Giovanni Azzone.

COUGHLAN, S. Disponível em: www.bbc.co.uk. Acesso em: 31 jul. 2012.

As línguas têm um papel importante na comunicação entre pessoas de diferentes culturas. Diante do movimento de internacionalização no ensino superior, a universidade Politecnico di Milano decidiu 

Inglês Questão 093 - ENEM 2013 2º Dia - Caderno 8 - Rosa

National Geographic News

_{Christine Dell’Amore} Published April 26, 2010

Our bodies produce a small steady amount of natural morphine, a new study suggests. Traces of the chemical are often found in mouse and human urine, leading scientists to wonder whether the drug is being made naturally or being delivered by something the subjects consumed. The new research shows that mice produce the “incredible painkiller” — and that humans and other mammals possess the same chemical road map for making it, said study co-author Meinhart Zenk, who studies plant-based pharmaceuticals at the Donald Danforth Plant Science Center in St. Louis, Missouri.

Disponível em: www.nationalgeographic.com. Acesso em: 27 jul. 2010.

Ao ler a matéria publicada na National Geographic, para a realização de um trabalho escolar, um estudante descobriu que

Inglês Questão 093 - ENEM 2016 2° dia - Caderno 6 - Cinza - 1ª Aplicação

Disponível em: www.ct.gov. Acesso em: 30 jul. 2012 (adaptado).

Orientações à população são encontradas também em sites oficiais. Ao clicar no endereço eletrônico mencionado no cartaz disponível na internet, o leitor tem acesso aos(às) 

Inglês Questão 094 - ENEM 2014 2º Dia - Caderno Rosa

Masters of War

Come you masters of war You that build all the guns You that build the death planes You that build all the bombs You that hide behind walls You that hide behind desks l just want you to know l can see through your masks.

You that never done nothin’ But build to destroy You play with my world Like it’s your little toy You put a gun in my hand And you hide from my eyes And you turn and run farther When the fast bullets fly.

Like Judas of old You lie and deceive A world war can be won You want me to believe But l see through your eyes And l see through your brain Like l see through the water That runs down my drain.

BOB DYLAN. The Freewheelin’ Bob Dylan. Nova York: Columbia Records, 1963 (fragmento).  

Na letra da canção Masters of War, há questionamentos e reflexões que aparecem na forma de protesto contra